Cheating and Sportsmanship Free Essays

Cheating and Sportsmanship HPE paper BY Elliott Biggs Just like everything throughout everyday life, sports also are represented by rules, customs and even rivalry. Sports are a path through which we can associate with our past and have nice sentiments about what's to come. Sports goes about as a method of holding individuals in spite of their age, sexual orientation and race contrasts. We will compose a custom exposition test on Cheating and Sportsmanship or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Sports today, rather than holding individuals and training them order and cooperation is making them cheat. What's more, competitors have motivation to swindle now with all the popularity, medications and supports accessible to pick up from. Cheating in sports is positively not something new; it has been occurring since the time sports and brandishing rivalries were first presented. 2000 years before Mike Tyson bit a bit of Evander Holyfield’s ear and because of it confronted exclusion in the bout, a fighter from Thessaly, Eupolus’s had paid off 3 of his adversaries to take makes a plunge the Olympics of 388 BC (Los Angeles Times). Eupolus’s cheating is considered to have been the primary bamboozling act to have been submitted in sports. Everybody needs to win and needs a simple method to do it. The manner in which individuals cheat in sports has gotten different and broadened throughout the years yet I will examine just three. Execution upgrading drugs, execution improving gear and blood doping. To begin with, Performance upgrading drugs. The utilization of improvement â€Å"substances† for games goes back to the old Greeks and old Maya. Execution mixtures where used by the Greeks to build their capacities, and cocoa leaves where thought to be utilized by the old Maya to expand their capacities. Today, competitors will go to numerous lengths to increment athletic capacity, including: steroids, HGH, Amphetamines, and even creature or human organs similarly as the Greeks did in their time. Most youthful competitors will reveal to you that the serious drive to win can be extraordinary. Other than the fulfillment of individual increase, youthful competitors frequently seek after fantasies about creation it to the Olympics or a spot on an expert group. This serious condition, made by our way of life, has prompted a progressively regular utilization of steroids and other execution improving specialists in sports. For a developing number of competitors, succeeding at all expenses incorporates taking anabolic steroids and other execution improving medications. Some may seem to accomplish physical increases from such medications, yet at what cost? Truly long haul impacts of steroids and other execution improving medications haven’t been meticulously contemplated. Furthermore, momentary advantages are imperfect with numerous possible reactions and outcomes, for example, loss of decorations, qualification and even passing. Billie Holiday said â€Å"Dope never helped anyone sing better or play music better or improve. All numbskull can accomplish for you is slaughter you †and murder you the long, slow, hard way. † It isn’t justified, despite all the trouble. Individuals can kick the bucket due to these things yet they will effectively win. The utilization of execution upgrading gear has numerous restrictions and limits. For instance, I accept that in the event that you need to utilize such gear, at that point it is okay. E. g. Oscar pistorius. Pistorius has beneath the knee removals on the two legs that have been fitted with Flex-Foot Cheetah carbon fiber transtibial prostheses. He must choose between limited options; in the event that he needs to accomplish his objective as a competitor he should utilize this hardware. Some state that this puts him at a bit of leeway, however I oppose this idea. On the off chance that they make them sufficiently long to give a similar measure of spring as the human legs. However, on the off chance that the contenders are to utilize hardware superfluously, it would be out of line. E. g. a plugged bat is an exceptionally altered slugger that has been loaded up with stopper or other lighter, less thick substances to make the bat lighter without losing a lot of intensity. A lighter bat gives a hitter a faster swing and may improve the hitter’s timing. One thing that may make this reasonable would be if each contender utilized a similar gear. Be that as it may, that would not explain anything, would that not simply set them back where they began. This is uncalled for on different contenders since it gives the competitor an out of line advantage by making them progressively streamlined, quicker, jump further or possibly swim quicker by dispensing with water opposition. What is the purpose of competitors utilizing suits in any case, at long last everything despite everything boils down to crude ability at any rate. State swimmer a’s time is 27. 6 secs and swimmer b’s time is 28. 4 secs. They wear the suit which takes of 0. 01 of a second. What's more, swimmer a’s time gets 27. 59 and swimmer b’s gets 28. 39. Swimmer a despite everything wins in any case. Blood doping. The procedure of blood doping, additionally called blood boosting or blood pressing, includes unlawfully expanding the quantity of red platelets all through one’s body. As far as life structures red platelets convey oxygen from the lungs to the muscles. With more oxygen being conveyed to the muscles during thorough movement, the more drawn out the muscles will perform without working up lactic corrosive. When lactic corrosive develops inside the circulation system it confines the progression of oxygen to working muscles along these lines creating weakness. Generally with progressively red platelets more oxygen can be arried to working muscles, consequently expanding perseverance and lessening weariness. For this very explanation blood doping has become a most loved act of some first class continuance competitors because of the way that it gives them improved high-impact limit. It permits them to perform thorough acti on, for example, crosscountry skiing, cycling, just as running at a more elevated level for a more drawn out timeframe. As you can envision that would give a competitor a huge preferred position. A new-Mexico study showed that EPO use can shave as long as 69 seconds off of a world-class 10,000 meter time. In any world class occasion, for example, olympic style sports, a 69 second shortage is the distinction between being viewed as the universes best to simply one more center sprinter. This is the thing that moves competitors to dope. However, is it reasonable? No it isn't. I have examined in this paper three kinds of cheating in sports and their focal points. I have effectively addressed the inquiry, is cheating in sports moral. Cheating in sports has been around for a huge number of years and nobody will ever change the way that individuals will cheat and figure out how to win any way that is available. The most effective method to refer to Cheating and Sportsmanship, Essay models

How Crime Scene Insects Reveal the Time of Death

How Crime Scene Insects Reveal the Time of Death At the point when a dubious demise happens, a legal entomologist might be called to help with preparing the wrongdoing scene. Bugs found on or close to the body may uncover significant pieces of information about the wrongdoing, including the casualties time of death. Creepy crawlies colonize dead bodies in an anticipated arrangement, otherwise called bug progression. The first to show up are the necrophagous species, drawn by the solid aroma of disintegration. Blow flies can attack a carcass close to death, and substance flies follow not far behind. Not long after coming, the dermestid bugs, similar bugs utilized by taxidermists to clean skulls of their tissue. More flies accumulate, including house flies. Ruthless and parasitic bugs show up to benefit from the worms and creepy crawly hatchlings. In the long run, as the carcass dries, shroud insects and garments moths discover the remaining parts. Criminological entomologists gather tests of wrongdoing scene creepy crawlies, making a point to take agents of each specie at their most recent phase of advancement. Since arthropod improvement is connected straightforwardly to temperature, she likewise accumulates day by day temperature information from the closest accessible climate station. In the lab, the researcher distinguishes every creepy crawly to species and decides their accurate formative stage. Since the ID of parasites can be troublesome, the entomologist as a rule raises a portion of the worms to adulthood to affirm their species. Blow flies and tissue flies are the most valuable wrongdoing scene creepy crawlies for deciding the posthumous interim or time of death. Through research facility contemplates, researchers have built up the formative paces of necrophagous species, in view of steady temperatures in a lab situation. These databases relate an animal categories life stage to its age when creating at a consistent temperature, and give the entomologist an estimation called gathered degree days, or ADD. Include speaks to physiological time. Utilizing the known ADD, she would then be able to ascertain the imaginable age of an example from the cadaver, changing for the temperatures and other natural conditions at the wrongdoing scene. Working in reverse through physiological time, the scientific entomologist can give examiners a particular timeframe when the body was first colonized by necrophagous creepy crawlies. Since these creepy crawlies quite often discover the body in practically no time or hours of the people passing, this figuring uncovers the after death interim with great precision.

A Case Summary Creating Shared Value in Economics Essay

A Case Summary Creating Shared Value in Economics Essay A Case Summary: Creating Shared Value in Economics â€" Essay Example > A Case Summary: Creating Shared Value in Economics According to Michael Porter and Mark Cramer, capitalism is under siege. The two, in their paper titled “Creating Shared Value, ” argue that there is a need to reinvent capitalism to fire up innovation and growth in the industries. Unlike in the past when industries and businesses were viewed as the ships of salvation of the multitudes, the two say that businesses are today viewed as being environmentally, socially and economically problematic. The prevalent notion is that businesses prosper at the expense of the general public. This, is said to be a main threat to the wheel of capitalism, invention and innovation and indeed it is. The two thus suggest that the solution to this problem lies in shared value which involves creating economic value both for companies and the society around them (Porter Kramer, 63). Unlike sustainability, social responsibility or philanthropy, shared value achieves economic success without requiring one party to sacrifice their gains be it in terms of profits or property and time. There is no economic trade-off that comes about when shared values are presented between business and the needs of society. What comes out of shared value is the benefit and progress that both parties shall accrue overtime. Economists have for long vouched for the idea that, to realize economic progress, businesses must trade-off gains in one way or the other. The authors’ purpose in relation to shared values is that they aim to ignite growth and progress by elimination of the trade-offs businesses have to make to progress (Porter Kramer, 70). Given that they have identified the reason behind the imminent failure of capitalism, the two authors go ahead giving reasons as to why capitalism plays a vital part in the lives of every individual in society. Another purpose the two auth ors aim to put forth is to end the stirring war between business and society. They are of the opinion that progress needs to occur without one party having to sacrifice their gains. In creating shared value in a firm like Google, there are several benefits that are realized. Google Scholar, which provides texts of academic literature online, greatly reduces the wastage of such resources as paper and plastics. Google Scholar is a very popular service and, by meeting the requirements of the society and not merely its conventional economic needs, has defined a market of its own and reduced on social harms that could increase Google’s operational costs. In this way, therefore, the aspect of shared values not only benefits both parties in terms of gains, it also reduces the impact of pollution resulting from some aspects such as the use of paper and plastics (Porter Kramer, 73). In conclusion, creating shared value (CSV) yields more than corporate social responsibility (CSR) over the long term. While the latter benefits society more than the companies that carry it out, the former have benefits for both parties. According to value addition as an economic theory, the addition of value to a given item has benefits on many fronts. Adding value to the business operations and sharing the values with society reduces on the interruptions on the speed of innovation. The implementation of the shared values model of operation comes about as the salvation to the continuous friction between business and society observed since the Industrial Revolution. In this sense, it is the solution to trade-offs companies had to bear. Work Cited Michael Porter and Mark Kramer. Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review. January 2011.

Is Latin an Easy Language to Learn

Some people pick which foreign language to study based on how easy it is—presumably thinking that an easier language will result in a better grade. No language is easy to learn, except perhaps those you learned as an infant, but languages you can immerse yourself in—i.e., put yourself in a position where you speak the language with others for hours or days at a time—are easier than those you cannot. Unless you can attend a summer Latin immersion program, it will be hard to immerse yourself in Latin; however, Latin is not necessarily any harder than any modern language and may be easier for some to learn than the daughter languages of Latin, like French or Italian. Opinions vary. Latin Is Easier With modern languages, there is a constantly evolving idiom. Evolution is not a problem with a so-called dead language.With modern languages, you need to learn to read, speak, and understand other people speaking it. With Latin, all you need to be able to do is read it.Latin has a pretty limited vocabulary.It only has five declensions and four conjugations. Russian and Finnish have more. Latin Is Not Easier Multiple Meanings: On the minus side of the Latin ledger, the vocabulary of Latin is so compact that learning a single meaning for a verb is unlikely to be enough. That verb may serve double or quadruple duty, so you need to learn a whole range of possible connotations.Gender: Like Romance languages, Latin has genders for nouns—something we lack in English. This means something more to memorize in addition to the range of meanings.Agreement: There is agreement between subjects and verbs, just as there is in English, but there are many more forms of the verbs in Latin. As in Romance languages, Latin also has agreement between nouns and adjectives.Verbal Subtleties: Latin (and French) make more distinctions among tenses (like past and present) and moods (like indicative, subjunctive, and conditional).Word Order: The trickiest part of Latin is that the order of the words is almost arbitrary. If youve studied German, you may have noticed verbs at the end of sentences. In English w e usually have the verb right after the subject and the object after that. This is referred to as SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) word order. In Latin, the subject is often unnecessary, since it is included in the verb, and the verb goes at the end of the sentence more often than not. That means there may be a subject, and there probably is an object, and maybe theres a relative clause or two before you get to the main verb. Neither Pro Nor Con: Do You Like Puzzles? The information you need to translate Latin is usually present in the Latin passage. If youve spent your beginning courses memorizing all the paradigms, Latin should be do-able and a lot like a crossword puzzle. Its not easy, but if youre motivated to learn more about ancient history or you want to read the ancient literature, you definitely should give it a try. The Answer: It Depends If youre looking for an easy class to improve your grade point average in high school, Latin may or may not be a good bet. It depends mostly on you, and how much time youre willing to devote to getting the basics down cold, but it also depends, in part, upon the curriculum and teacher.

How Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled And How Has...

There are over 240,000 people in New Zealand who have been diagnosed with diabetes the health.govt.nz states. Diabetes is one of the many causes of death in New Zealand.The body has difficulties with trying to use and produce Insulin which is mainly the reason behind type 2 diabetics. There are 5 types of Insulin such as rapid-acting Insulin, short-acting Insulin, Intermediate-acting Insulin, long-acting Insulin and premixed Insulin. Insulin is one of the key things that help prevent the disease type 2 diabetes. So, is Insulin bad or good? Why is type 2 diabetes an issue in our community? What is the biology behind type 2 diabetes? How does Insulin help diabetes be controlled and how has it changed over the past years? Type 2 diabetes is originated from Obesity. Having the third highest rate of Obesity in my community, it is likely that majority of obese people will be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Society makes it easy for us to be overweight, advertising many of the wrong foods and many of the fast food restaurants we tend to be surrounded by which Is why it’s not an easy option for those trying to prevent type 2 diabetes. There are many complications with type 2 diabetes. It affects many organs including the heart, organ, blood, vessels and nerves, eyes and kidneys. It is an issue because it increases the risks of heart and blood vessel diseases, nerve damages, Kidney damages, eye damages, foot damages, hearing impairment, skin conditions etc. Many symptoms gainedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diabetes in the UK4580 Words   |  19 PagesDiabetes in the UK Synopsis: Diabetes has recently become a focal point of health care systems around the world due to its high prevalence and the severity of secondary complications caused by the disease. 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Factors Affecting Academicperformance Free Essays

Problem and Its Setting Introduction Academic performance is measured by the standing of rates of grades of student in every subject. Having a high level of performance on the academic area of a student suggest its competency and high level of confidence on its certain field. Students have their own attitude towards learning and achieving a high level of academic performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Academicperformance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The development of their enthusiasm towards succeeding in their own field varies. In order for a student to succeed he needs to be armed with strategies and techniques that will supplement his desire to reach his goals.One way is to have an efficient and adaptive study habit. This phenomenon can be linked to multi factors that affect their study habit. Such factors can be found in their environment, these includes the type of house they live in; the people around them and the level of support they give; the student and his family’s daily routines; the availability of resources for studying; and also his family’s economic status, etcetera. Calbayog City, geographically, is a large city and it is also the focal point of many municipalities in the islands of Samar.That is why apart from the majority of students with families living in the city, it is also common in schools to have students that live in boarding houses since these students live in places far enough from Calbayog City. Christ the King College, specifically the College of Nursing shares t his commonality which brings the researchers to wondering whether there are comparisons and differences among BS Nursing students living in their homes and boarding houses in relation to their academic performance. Statement of the problemThis study aims at finding the factors affecting the level of academic performance among the BS nursing student of Christ the king college. It specifically seeks to answer the following questions: 1. what is the profile of the BSN students in terms of; `1. 1 age; 1. 2 sex; 1. 3 residency; 1. 4 civil status 1. 5 socio-economic status; 1. 6 number of household members; 1. 7 daily allowance; 1. 8 person supporting education; 1. 9 available learning materials; 1. 10 educational attainment; 2. What is the performance rating of BS nursing student in their major subjects? . What are the factors that affect the level of academic performance of BSN students? 4. Is there a significant relationship between the student’s profile and their level of academic performance?5 What are the implications of the findings of the study which can be utilized as a bases for the factors affecting the level of academic performance? Statement of the purpose This study aims to determine the different factors affecting the level of academic performance among BS nursing students of Christ the king college. It also tries to attain the following objectives; . To determine the profile of the BSN students in terms of; 1. 1 age; 1. 2 sex; 1. 3 residency; 1. 4 civil status 1. 5 socio-economic status; 1. 6 number of household members; 1. 7 daily allowances; 1. 8 person supporting education; 1. 9 available learning materials; 1. 10 educational attainment; 2. To determine the performance rating of BS nursing students in their major subjects. 3. To determine the different factors that affects the level of academic performance of the BS nursing students. 4. To find out the significant relationship between the rofile of the students and their level of academic performance; and 5.To determine the implication of the findings of the study which can be utilized as bases for the factors affecting the level of academic performance of the students. Significance of the study The study attempts to find out the factors affecting the levels of academic performance of the BS nursing students in Christ the king college. The results of the study will benefit the following persons: The administrators- this study will help the administrators of the school to determine new strategies and policies to mprove the academic performance of the students. The family- this will give awareness on hoe they pose an effect to the student’s realization of a good study habit and on how they can be a good support system. The students- this will present measures of improving in their academic performance Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study will focus on finding out the factors affecting the BS nursing students of Christ the King College living in their homes and boarding houses in relation to their academic performances.The respondents of the study will be the whole 4th year BS Nursing students of Christ the King College, Calbayog City. The researchers aim to use researcher module questionnaires as tools in collecting relevant date and information from the respondents. This will be conducted at Christ the King College, Calbayog City on the second semester of the school year 2010 – 2011. Theoretical Framework A direct offspring or subset of Sigmund Freud’s theory is Martin Ford’s motivational systems theory (MST). This framework focuses on the individual as the unit of nalysis, but embeds the individual in the biological, social, and environmental contexts that are crucial to development. MST attempts to describe the development of the whole person-in-context, in much the same way a biologist might describe an individual plant and its relation to its immediate ecological niche, as well as the larger ecosystems in which it resides (Pintrich Schunk, 1996). Ford proposed a simple mathematical formula that attempts to represent all these factors in one model. The formula for effective person-in-context functioning is:Achievement = (Motivation x Skill ) x Responsive Environment Biological Structure The formula proposes that actual â€Å"achievement and competence are the results of a motivated, skillful, and biologically capable person interacting with a responsive environment† (Ford, 1992, p. 70). The motivational systems theory does not attempt to replace or supersede any of the existing theories. Instead, it attempts to organize the various motivational constructs from different theories into one model. The main constructs are self-efficacy eliefs, the role of expectancy, and goal orientation. The formula suggests that in any behavior episode, there are four major prerequisites for effective functioning: 1. The person must have the motivation needed to initiate and maintain the activity until the goal directing the episode is attained. 2. The person must have the skill necessary to construct and execute a pattern of activity that will produce the desired result. 3. The person’s biological structure and functioning must be able to support the operation of the motivation and skill components. 4.The person must have the cooperation of a responsive environment that will facilitate progress towards the goal (Ford, 1992). This model attempts to provide a comprehensive theory of motivation and proposes that actual achievement and competence are the results of a motivated, skillful, and biologically capable person interacting within a responsive environment. Conceptual Framework Conceptual Paradigm of the Study Figure 1: Schematic paradigm of the study showing the factors affecting the BS Nursing students of Christ the King College living in homes and boarding houses in relation to their level of academic performance.As seen in the diagram, the study attempts to evaluate the factors affecting the BS Nursing students of Christ the King College living in homes and boarding houses in relation to their level of academic performance. The point of the arrows indicates the possible relationship of these factors to students’ level of academic performance. Statement of the Null Hypothesis The identifiable factors of the BS Nursing students of Christ the King College living in homes and boarding houses does not influence their academic performance. Definition of TermsThe following words are defined operationally and conceptually to have a better understanding of the study: Factors. These include all the elements or causes that produce result (warren, 2000). In this study, these include the factors identified as affecting the level of academic performance of 4th year BS Nursing students living in their homes and those living in boarding houses. Student. It is a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution (wikipedia). In this study, these include the entire fourth year nursing student living in their homes and in boarding houses.Academic performance. Academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers (wikipedia). In this study, this refers to the achievements of the nursing students in the academic areas of their study. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE This chapter contains some studies and literature believed to be related or relevant to present study. Materials used were taken from different publications, books and websites on the internet written by both local and foreign authors. Related studiesUsing a nationally representative sample of the American households, we examine the relation between the parental involvement in schooling and the child’s school performance. With a sample of 179 children, parents, and teachers, we investigate 3 hypotheses: (1) the higher the educational status of the mother, the greater the degree of parental involvement in school activities; (2) the younger the age of the c hild, the greater the degree of parental involvement; and (3) children of parents who are more involved in school activities do better in school than children with parents who are less involved.In an analysis of cross-sectional data, we discover support for the 3 hypotheses. The educational status of the mother is related to the degree of parental involvement in schooling, so that parents with more education are more involved. Parental involvement is related to the child’s school performance. Also, parents are more involved in school activities of the child is younger. The mother’s educational level and the age of the child are stronger predictors of parental involvement of schooling for boys than for girls.We do not, however, find a direct effect of maternal education status on school performance independent of parental involvement is school activities. We discuss these findings in light of the relation between families and schools. Investigation that adopted refined measures of family influences have tended to show that they are related more strongly to academic outcomes than are more global measures of family background. Kellaghan and his colleagues (1993) conclude, for example, that family social status or cultural background need not determine a child’s achievement at school.They propose that for academic success, it is what parents do in the home, and not children s family background, that is significant. Similarly, Sam Redding (1999(indicates that in relation to academic outcomes, the potential limitations associated with poor economic circumstances can be overcome by parents who provide stimulating, supportive, and language-rich experiences for their children. It is important, however, to recognize the nature of the interrelationships between family background characteristics and more refined family influences. In the development of a model of human development, for example, Stephen J.Ceci and his colleagues (1997) propose that the efficacy of f family influence for academic success is determined to a large degree by a child s family background. They observe that parent-child interaction s are the forces that lead to academic performance. In addition, they claim that academic success is achieved only if family background resources can be accessed to maximize the association between family influences and outcomes: relationships between family influences and academic achievement need to tale into account the potentially constraining or expanding opportunities provided by children’s family backgrounds.An alternate perspective is the confluence model, which proposes that children’s academic development is affected by the number of children n families, the age spacing among children, and whether children are only, first, or last born in families. The model claims, for example, that with short birth intervals between children, increasing birth order is related to lower academic performance. In contrast, with sufficiently large intervals, the birth-order pattern maybe mitigated or even reversed.Home background according to PISA (programme international student assessment, 2000) influences academic and educatio nal success of students and schoolwork, while socio-economic status reinforces the activities and functioning of the teachers and students. The learning environment that is free of barriers, or obstacles or distractions such as noise, gas/smoke pollutions and so on can constitute health hazards, which in turn affect or reduce student’s concentration or perceptual or conceptual focus to learning (Sprinthall, 1987). www. thefreelibrary. om All of the research reviews support the hypothesis that student performance depends on different socio-economic, psychological, environmental factors. The findings of research studies focused that student performance is affected by different factors such as learning abilities because new paradigm about learning assumes that all students can and should learn at higher levels but it should not be considered as constraint because there are other factors like race, gender, sex that can affect student’s performance. (Hansen, Joe B. 2000).Some of the researchers even tried to explain the link between students achievements, economic circumstances and the risk of becoming a drop-out that proved to be positive (Goldman, N. , Haney, W. , and koffler, S. , 1998, Pallas, A. , Natriello, G. McDill, E. , 1989, Levin, H. , 1986) B. A Chansarkar and A. Mishaeloudis (2001), explained the effects of age, qualification distance from learning place etc. on student performance. The performance of students on the module is not affected by such factors as age, sex, and place of residence but is associated with qualification in quantitative subjects.It is also found that those who love near the university perform better than other students. (Alexander, Gur et al. 1974; Fraser, beamn et al. 1997) explained that some of the practices adopted by college administration in higher education like residential colleges or organized study groups also help to increase performance. www. scribd. com Philips (1998) also found that parental education and social economic status have an impact on student achievement. Students with parents who were both college-educated tended to achieve at the highest levels.Income and family size were modestly related to achievement (Ferguson, 1991). Peng and Wright’s (1994) analysis of academic achievement, home environment (including family income) and educational activities, concluded that home environment and educational activities explained the greatest amount of variance. www. thefreelibrary. com The above studies are somehow related to these studies because they also dealt on the different factors that influences the level of academic performance of the students. RELATED LITERATUREStudents who are motivated are likely to perform well in their examinations. There are many factors that may contribute towards students’ motivation to achieve high grades in school. This study focuses on one possible factor, that is, the student’s home environment. This study attempted to find out whether the differences in academic achievement motivation among students can be attributed to differences in their home environments. In this study it was assumed that student’s home environments could be a possible determinant of their variations in academic achievement motivation. The value that different families attach to education could affect the student’s attitude to school and eventually affect his or her motivation for success in schoolwork. Many homes differ on factors such as family size, availability of learning materials, the parents’ level of education, parents’ occupation, income, parental encouragement and involvement. Atkinson and Feather (1966) observed that the achievement motivation of children whose fathers have attained high educational level and are in high income occupations tend to be high.Heckhausen (1967) cites several studies that have shown that achievement motivation increases with socio-economic status. Children with a high family income tend to attain high academic performance in the sense that they are able to buy educational materials that can greatly help them in their studies. The type of environment he or she lives in influences level of academic performance of a student. Students that live in an environm ent not conducive for learning will technically shows a low academic performance. In a study by Gottfried and Fleming (1998), home environment was found to have a statistically positive and significant effect on academic intrinsic motivation. Children whose homes had greater emphasis on learning opportunities and activities were more academically intrinsically motivated. Atkinson and Feather (1966) also states that, children from favourable home environments tend to have a high need for achievement as opposed to those from unfavourable home environments. The term â€Å"home environment† refers to all the objects, forces and conditions in the home, which influence the child physically, intellectually and emotionally.Different home environments vary in many aspects such as the parents’ level of education, economic status, occupational status, religious background, attitudes, values, interests, parents’ expectation for their children, and family size among others. Children coming from different home environments are affected differently by such v ariations. Out of the many effects that the home environment may have on the child, academic achievement motivation was singled out for study in this research. CHAPTER III RESEARCH MEHODOLOGYThis chapter presents a description of the research methodology used in this study which includes the research design, the respondents, the research locale and time of the studies, sampling technique, instrumentations and the data gathering procedures. Local and time of the study This study will be conducted during the second semester of the school year 2010-2011 at the College of Nursing of Christ the King College, Calbayog City. The Respondents: The respondents in this study are ___ students from 2nd year to 4th year nursing students of the Nursing and IHAP Department of CKC.These nursing students are identified to be living at home with their family and at boarding houses far from their family. These students are officially enrolled in CKC during the first semester of school year 2010 – 2011. TABLE I FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY RESPONDENTSNo. of BSN 2No. of BSN 3No. of BSN 4% Students living in their homes Students living in boarding houses TOTAL100% Variables of the Study: Dependent Variable: a comparative study of factors affecting the academic performance Independent Variable: BSN students of Christ the King College, Calbayog City, living in boarding houses and their homes.Research Design The expost facto-survey method of research will be used to determine factors that will affect the level of academic performance among the 4th year nursing student of CKC living at home and boarding house. Expost facto- a type of research designs, which attempts to understand relationship among phenomena as they naturally occur without any intervention; often referred to as correlation research In the ex-post facto design the researcher does not have direct control over independent variables because their manifestations have already occurred or because they cannot be inherently manipulated.The investigator therefore examined the impact of living in homes and boarding houses (independent variable) on the level of academic performance among 4th year BSN (dependent variable) after the effects have been experienced. Research instrument The main instrument to be used in data gathering is a questionnaire prepared by researchers. Questionnaire will compose of bio-data of the respondents, and the questions to be answered by the respondent provided with the responses for the specific problem of the study. To be attached in the questionnaire is a letter stating the purpose of the study and the request of the researcher to the respondents to answer the given questionnaire honestly and completely. Sampling technique Stratified random sampling will be used in selecting respondents in the study since students among BSN are divided into 2 groups, 1st group are the students living in their home and the 2nd group are the students living in boarding house. Data gathering procedure The researchers will undergo the following procedures for the conduction of this study.First, a draft of the questionnaire will be submitted to the research instructor for final correction and revision. The approved questionnaire will be reproduced and distributed to our respondents-the BSN 4th year students of Christ the king college listed in the college registrar. The significant information and data that we will obtain will be presented, interpreted, and analyzed. Republic of the Philippines Christ the King Colle ge Calbayog City Dear Respondents, Greetings!We, the researchers, are presently conducting a study entitled â€Å"Factors Affecting Academic Performance of BSN Students of Christ the King College†, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Nursing. In this connection, we would like to request you to be one of our respondents of this study, rest assured that your identity and responses shall be treated with outmost confidentiality. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Sincerely yours, De leon, Zandra Sabandal, Jhonabel Solano, Jember Tarrayo, Ma. April Valenciano, Brinell Yangzon, Divine Noted by: Mr. Ronil C. Bachao,BSN,RM,RN,MAN Research adviser How to cite Factors Affecting Academicperformance, Papers

The Adam Smith Problem is Not a Real Problem

Introduction In the Wealth of Nations (WN), Smith argues that the societys prosperity can only be achieved if the society guarantees individuals the freedom to pursue their goals within the confines of natural justice. In a book that he had written earlier, ‘The Theory of Moral Sentiments’, smith explains both the origin of rules of justice and the emergence of moral sentiments.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Adam Smith Problem is Not a Real Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Adam Smith problem refers to the supposed contradiction between Smith’s argument in favour of self-interest in WN on one hand and his defence of sympathy in TMS on the other. On the face value, it may seem that the two works contradict each other (Adam Smith problem). However, a detailed analysis indicates that no contradiction exists but rather, the two works support each other. In TMS Smith arg ues that in the pursuit of individual self-interest, the individual satisfies the interest of society. For example, a baker bakes bread for him to earn some monetary profits (self interest), but in turn he meets the societys demand for bread (societys interest). Under the capitalist system (WN), individuals pursue their goals through trade and production. As they trade and produce, they must take into account the values of other society members (TMS). Smith argues that an individual or a company will make greater profits if the society (other individuals) place greater value on its activities. It is therefore evident that self-interest contained in the WN and moral sentiments in TMS work towards the same goal. The market forces of demand and supply cannot function if there is no society, for without society, it is impossible for division of labour and its resulting efficiency to occur. This points to the fact that the market forces of demand and supply to some extent rely on the ind ividuals ability to sympathize (role of justice in free trade). Smiths notion of self interest is therefore in line with his idea of sympathy. Discussion In 1776, Adam Smith published his popular book, ‘The Wealth of Nations’ (WN). This book marked the beginning of the concept of market and free trade. To date The Wealth of Nations, remains one of the largely significant books in political economy. However, even before the wealth of nations, smith had published another important work in 1759, titled the Theory of Moral Sentiments. This book is little known outside the philosophical spheres. TMS provides significant ideas into Smiths perception of human knowledge and nature. This work was the foundation of Smiths economic theory. A number of authors have argued that these two books contradict each other (they call them the two Smiths). They assert that in TMS, smith focuses on having a feeling for fellow humans (sympathy), while in WN; he argues that societies and indivi duals accumulate wealth by pursuing individual selfish interests.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Connecting Sympathy in TMS to WN Smiths concept of sympathy is central to the Adam Smith Problem. According to Griswold (260), Smith asserts that one of humanitys original obsession is sympathy or having a feeling for fellow humans. Smith argued that no matter how selfish an individual may be, in his nature, there are certain inherent principles in a mans nature that will attract him to the welfare of his fellow humans and therefore their happiness. He gains nothing from this other than the satisfaction of seeing it (Smith 1751). The idea of sympathy has been widely misinterpreted to mean concern or pity. However, Smiths idea of ‘sympathy meant the tendency to identify with not only others miseries, but also their fortunes. So fellow feeling is any similar passi on or emotion that arises in the mind of an observer who observes another individuals outward expression of inner feelings. It is therefore clear that inner feeling is not only a function of pain and sorrow but also the joy and happiness of the others (Smith 3). Smith argues that is much easier to identify with your joy than with your sorrow. As a result, a person who has no envy can easily identify with the good luck of another. On the other side, it is usually hard to identify with grief and we enter into it while dragging our feet (Smith 1751, Book 1 Ch 9). Smith argues that this is the origin of ambition and class structure that serves to maintain order and stability in society. An individual who has the necessities of life is better placed to seek fame and fortune because he attracts positive sympathy from other individuals. As an inherent characteristic among individuals, they always want to better their lifestyles beyond what is considered a reasonably comfortable lifestyle. This is partly attributed to the fact that they value sympathy in the form of admiring others who have already achieved that status. This point connects TMS to WN in the sense that individuals are never satisfied with their possessions. In deed if we had such a society where individuals are satisfied with bare necessaries of life, it would have been a very stable society but with no economic growth making it unable to fit in the changing world. Nations create wealth because of the individuals never-ending pursuit to improve themselves materially. This happens under a conducive environment. According to Smith, countries that have allowed their citizens to pursue their self-interest have grown in wealth while those that failed in the same have fell into poverty.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Adam Smith Problem is Not a Real Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though, the liberty to pursu e self-interest cannot be without limit. This is because excess liberty by one individual is only achieved at the expense of others liberty. Therefore, there has to be a framework for regulating individual liberty. This is achieved by the rules of justice. Smith argues that justice is threatened from two sources; corruption in the society arising from the worship of riches and authority and the ambitions of rulers. Smiths Criticism on the Worship of Wealth and Power Smith was conscious that the worship of wealth and despise of poverty though important in maintaining social stability and driving industry, equally posed serious threats. He condemned the corruption of the princes and the political elite who ascend to power through intrigue, deception and crime but nowhere does he condemn the wealth creation. What Smith was against was the careless accumulation of wealth that could corrupt the society, through continuous worship of wealth in total disregard to how wealth is created. He asserts that greatness and wealth in the absence of virtue and merit deserve no respect. In Smiths theory, the attitudes of people shape moral sentiments and passions. Therefore, the tendency to worship and admire the rich and powerful, while looking down upon and neglecting the poor, though important in maintaining the class structure and order in society, corrupts the moral sentiments (Smith 3). When individuals continuously admire and adore the wealthy and the great, they tend to either ignore or excuse their faults. This goes against the rules of justice, which is the foundation of social order. Therefore, as much as social class is created and maintained through the creation of wealth, social order is more important and the wealthy should not look down upon the poor. Humanity in general longs for respect and admiration among his fellows. According to Smith, he can achieve this through two avenues; by studying wisdom and practicing virtue or by acquiring wealth and greatness. To Smith, the latter attract majority of humanity because they admire and worship material prosperity. This view is similar to the modern celebrity culture in our society that is characterized by the lives of rich and famous. A society that internally undermines justice through blind worship of wealth and greatness is likely to be externally destroyed by the rulers. Absolute power, allows the rulers to manipulate the law for their own economic gains (Smith 9).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Justice as a Moral Basis of Trade in TMS The central theme WN is that trade is the avenue to national prosperity. Trade is the direct opposite of robbery either by state or by individuals. Trade can only thrive where the security of persons and property is guaranteed. Security as a whole can be secured only through rules of justice. TMS hypothesizes how these rules are possible and how they are formulated. Our major focus on this part will be on how sympathy transform into rules of justice. Smith puts forward two types of moral judgement; judgement of decency or indecency of an individuals passions in responding to events. For example, if B steals As wallet containing $ 10, A has a right to be upset and resentful. However, if A responds with excessive grief as if he has lost his entire fortune, those around him may judge his conduct as indecent. Equally, if B boasts of his achievement, his conduct will be judged by others to be improper. The second category of moral judgements invol ves the merits and demerits of actions. Judgement based on proper reward or punishment for an act. As noted earlier, sympathy is an instinct that all humans possess. Individual A can have sympathy for individual B only if A can imagine how B is feeling (Griswold 339). Individual A cannot get into individual Bs mind, the best he can do is to imagine Bs feelings by way he would feel if in his situation. Using the earlier example of a stolen wallet, assume that individual W sees B stealing As wallet. W can have fellow feeling for A, because if he were the victim he would feel the same way. Similarly, W can sympathise with As anger. Worth noting however, is that W can never fully associate with the feelings of A. His bitterness of BS act is likely to be weaker than As own bitterness of the act. This implies that if A over reacts, then W is not likely to approve it. According to Smith, the aggrieved party (A) should therefore match his passion (the extent of resentment) to that of the im partial spectator (W), if he is to capture his sympathy (Smith 22). Therefore, the moral judgement about the decency or indecency of an act is that of the neutral spectator who is neutral and has no positive or negative inclination to the parties directly involved. Similarly, the impartial spectator can only issue proper judgement about reward or punishment for the act of stealing. Individual A may feel that the thief (B) deserves a life imprisonment but he will not find much sympathy from (W) the impartial spectator. The Rules of Justice From smiths point of view, sympathy forms the basis of justice. The impartial spectator identifies with the grief of the victim of violence and recommends for punishment, though not to that which the victim desires. According to Smith, rules emerge when our sense of justice disappoints us at the time when we need it most. When this happens, then we have to judge our own actions. Smith argues that it is practically impossible for us to make reasoned judgements before we take every action as humans. This is because we often act so fast that there is no time to make judgements and that our judgements are usually full of our own passions. If we reflect upon our actions afterwards and discover that we made mistakes, we will forgive ourselves. This necessitates the need for an external instinct in our nature that allows us to identify the proper rule of conduct. By continuously observing the conduct of others, we formulate to ourselves certain general guidelines or rules regarding what are proper and therefore should be done and what are wrong that we should avoid. When these individual perceptions coincide or merge, then the rules of just conduct come into existence. Generally, were not originally designed with forethought, but rather developed through the accumulation of experience (Smith 23). That notwithstanding, the continuous existence of general rules, involves another element. The primary reason why rules of justice exist i s that majority of the people observe them of their free will most of the time. This element of observance originates from the virtue of self-command that Smith considers the source of all virtues. Understanding and knowing the rules by itself cannot guarantee their observance. This is because self-interest motivates individuals to violate the rules they know and approve of. Through self-command, our urgent temptations are suppressed and it directs us to observe the rules of justice (Smith 4). According to Smith, when individuals predict disapproval (retaliation strategy in game theory), they are forced to formulate the rules of proper conduct; the rules so formulated have no author (Ferguson 122). Worth noting is that not all the rules formulated turn out to be just. Customary practices and fashion may promote or negate justice (Smith 8). The Reduced Role of Government in Relation to Moral Sentiments According to Smith, between the two outward moralities of beneficence and justice, justice is of more importance to the society. He argues that the state has a specific role in the administration of justice. Moral rules of justice receive recognition as lawful obligations in the last resort and the state has the task to enforce. However, in the determination of rules of justice, Smith does not see any major role for the state because they are formed on impulse through the adaptation of humanity. Smith believed in limited role of government. He was against the idea that a ruler knows best what is good for his people and that a centralised government can better take care of all aspects of social life. He notes that harmony in society can only be successfully achieved when laws enacted by the peoples representatives are in line with the communitys expectation and that they do not lead to either despair or anarchy. To Smith, the society is so unstructured that is impossible for it to be micro-managed by a central system of government.he further notes that the society should not try to create the best system of laws but instead focus on the best that people can bear (Smith 14). In his writing, warns against state efforts in promoting beneficence (actions that promote the well-being of others). He notes that even though the lack of beneficence stimulates condemnation, any move to force it can be even more inappropriate (Smith 6). While the well-being of others is desirable, it cannot be achieved without endangering the more elementary morality that is justice. Both justice and beneficence are critical components of societys moral capital. However, the state is only effective in the enhancement of justice. Beneficence can only be enhanced through urging and recommendation (Smith 16). The secondary importance of beneficence relative to justice is important in understanding the synchrony of the TMS and the WN. Though Smith was aware and rightly worried about greed and lack of concern towards the poor in his time, he was convinced that the growth of nations is better served by stable adherence to the rules of justice that provide conducive environment for trade and industry, the way to the wealth of nations. Conclusion Smiths theory of moral sentiments argues that human beings by nature possess the instinct of fellow feeling. In the wealth of nations, he illustrates that self-interest is the engine of the wealth for countries and that through free trade; nations achieve the best path to prosperity. The Adam smith problem is not a real problem because of the following points; In TMS Smith stays clear about the importance of self-interest over sympathy, secondly, self-interest and sympathy augment each other. During war, what sets each individual against every other individual is the instinct of sympathy. An individual can relate to another individuals joy as well as misery. This capability actually enhances individual interests. In the absence of social harmony, the gains made will be short lived. As Paganelli points out, self-i nterest plays a positive role in the enhancement of virtues and the enforcement of moral rules (Paganelli 369). Third, it is impossible to carry out trade in the absence of steady rules that safeguard property, life and liberty. Without the rules of justice, trade cannot go on and the rules of justice cannot be achieved without sympathy (fellow feeling). Lastly, sympathy drives self-interest as individuals extend and long for sympathy. To Smith, why we aspire for riches and fame over and above what is necessary is because we long for praise from other people. In the course of doing everything in order to earn praise from others, people end up meeting the society’s needs. It is this broader view of Smiths sympathy that nations are driven to greater prosperity. Works Cited Griswold, Charles. Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print. Paganelli, Maria. The Adam Smith Problem in Reverse’ 40:2 history of political econom y. New York: Prentice Hall, 2008.Print. Smith, Adam. The Theory of moral sentiments. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.Print. Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1981.Print. This critical writing on The Adam Smith Problem is Not a Real Problem was written and submitted by user Lauren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.