Policies for Genetically Modified Foods (GMF)

Policies for Genetically Modified Foods (GMF) Peter De Grassi 1. Background Genetically Modified Foods, or GMF, are a new and useful item for our world. They are labeled as a manipulation to a crops genetic make-up to change or enhance its characteristics. In the 1980s, a discovery was made to change ones DNA and this was called GMP or the genetic modification process. In 1983, the first plant, a tobacco plant, was modified to be resistant to anti-biotic and was a success. These crops were a huge success with many. In 2004, it was recorded that almost 8.5 million farmers around in 18 countries have started growing these crops. Soybeans, maize, cotton and canola take most of the market of genetically modified foods. Even though they are useful, they are sometimes harmful to those who digest them. Their have been cases where people were severely injured by these products. With theses problems many have made progress in making these food items more safe. Many protocols such as the Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity or the Biodiversity protocol have helped with making genetically modified foods safer to consume. Some of the ways these protocols help with the problems is they regulate and ensure the safe passing of genetically modified foods around the world and also make sure people check these foods. People such as the FAO and the UN have also helped with this problem and have put in great efforts to neutralizing the problems of GMFs. II. UN Involvement One of the main participators in cleaning up some of the genetically modified foods problems is the United Nations. The UN has put efforts in making genetically modified foods more safe for people to grow and eat. The UN has created a protocol called the Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity which is an international agreement that wants to create a more safe process of handling and giving living modified foods around the world. Also many people have wanted a protocol for helping with bulk shipments of genetically modified foods and living modified foods to create a more safe and easier way to ship these foods. With these protocols the UN believes it will keep a more secure market for genetically modified foods and less injuries will happen because of this. The UN has also created some International organizations to help with this dilemma. Some of these are the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the World Health Organizations (WHO) and the World Food Program (WFP). These organiza tions help around the world with the supplies they have and also with the members around the world. With the help of the UN and its organizations, they believe they can create a more protected market for people around the world. III. Country Policy Qatar has done as much as they can for the situation they have in their country. Qatar has created a labeling system which tells customers if an item is a genetically modified food or not. Qatar believes this will help its customer to chose natural foods or GMOs. Qatar has joined the Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity and believes this will also help with the problems and effects of GMOs. They also created the Biodiversity protocol which promotes safety of international trading of GMOs and also the carrying of these items. With all these protocols Qatar believes this will stop fatal injuries and the death of some of its citizens. With the help of the UN with Qatar, Qatar believes they will create a safer environment for their citizens. They have created some possible solutions to stop this problem. First Qatar believes we should, make a treaty to ensure that there are no possible chemicals in these foods that could harm our people and have these countries check for those chemicals. Next we should also check for these chemicals in shipping items to make sure they didnt catch and diseases or bugs while being shipped. Check new modification towards food and have beta testing to ensure that are no side effects to these modifications to make sure they do not harm our people. With these solution this will guarantee the safety of our people. Work Cited Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. History of Genetically Modified Foods.History of Genetically Modified Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. UN Announces New Measures to Boost Safety in Trade of Genetically Modified Organisms.UN News Center. UN, 27 Feb. 2004. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. UN Announces New Measures to Boost Safety in Trade of Genetically Modified Organisms.UN News Center. UN, 27 Feb. 2004. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. Peter De Grassi Who (adv) Qatar Laguna Hills High School 2014 Position Paper I. Background Organ trade, like genetically modified food, is a good thing but also a bad thing. Organ trade is defined as the trading of organs illegally between two people for money or profit. The number of donors increased from 196,000 to 382,000 in the span of 9 years across the globe. The ESKF cost around 32.5 billion dollars a year which 6.5% of the health care market. The first successful transplant was a kidney which happened in Boston in 1954. This transplant was from a healthy twin to his very sick brother who needed it badly. In organ trade, there are 3 categories of trafficking of organs and firsts without the persons knowledge. Secondly is when people are tricked into giving their organs to other people and do not get anything in return And lastly people give up their organs for money but dont get the money they were promised. With in these categories are many other ways of doing it but these are the main way. For the past years, many people have been stripped of their organs illegall y or stripped from dead bodies. With all these ways it hard to solve this with just one solution. We need many different aspects of help to close this problem in all different regions. Some will need to donate money or get volunteers and also we must make new laws to stop this problem. With these problems many have stepped up to help with it. The UN has done a big part and a whole bunch of IGOs have also. II. UN Involvement The UN has many ideas to stop this problem of organ trafficking and are willing to help countries with the problems. The UN has also got help from some of its IGOs such as the WHO and the COFS. These organization are willing to donate volunteers to help with the problem. They are many more local organization that are also helping. The Un first believe that we should make a protocol to suppress and further punish people who traffic these organs. With this it will keep offenders of this in jail and will almost like a scare tactic for others. Some more organizations are the CPDC and also the European Committee of Crime problems. These will help in solving the crime of this and also helping with the imprisonment of the offenders. The UN has helped exponentially with America and most of South America to stop this in their region. Their are willing to spread out after that to many other countries to help them with their problems III. Country Profile Qatar has worked with the coalition for Organ-failure system or COFS which is a non profit organization trying to stop the trafficking of organs. Qatar is also getting help form the World Health Organization or WHO which is providing volunteers for them. Qatar has also made some laws in organ donors to fill out more paper slips and more precaution in the surgeries. They have also made some special hospitals for organ donors to go to so they wont go to these cons who will take their organs. While Qatar has other problems, they are still putting in their best efforts on this dilemma. Some possible solutions for this problem is to make rehabilitation centers for people affected by their organs being trafficked or their organ being stolen. This will help bringing them back to health and also get them back on their feet. Another idea is to make specialized hospitals for organs donors where they will not be tricked into giving their organs away. They will also have secure areas for the organs to be shipped and to be held and kept clean and in good condition. Works Cited Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. Human Trafficking for Organ Removal: Evidence from Egypt by Debra Budiani-Saberi.Rights Work Initiative. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. The Human Trafficking Project: Organ Trafficking: A Fast-Expanding Black Market.The Human Trafficking Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. Trafficking for Organ Trade.Trafficking for Organ Trade. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.

Lawrence’s Use of Time in Sons and Lovers

Examine the author’s handling of time. The use of time by the author is an important component of prose, as it provides the framework for the entire novel by manipulating the themes and characters by the use of techniques such a setting and narration. Sons and Lovers is set in the early 1900’s during the second industrial revolution in a small mining town in England. By choosing this time period and place, Lawrence isolates the themes to be addressed, as well as provides context for the relationships, occurrences and behaviour in the novel.The activity of coal mining is an important one in the book as it provides income for the Morels as well as many major problems. This reflects the views of Lawrence who grew up in a similar situation and explains his interest in the theme of industrialisation and its impact on individuals. Lawrence, as a writer of the Romantic Movement great opposed industrialisation as he believed it severed the bond with nature and ruined relationsh ips between persons.These views are evident in his writing as we can see the impact of Morel’s job as a coal miner on his family; this represents the situation in many households during the period. This also explains the emphasised relationships that many main characters have with nature such as Paul, Miriam and Mrs. Morel. This relationship represents their spirituality and their escape from industrialisation, especially so by Mrs. Morel’s refusal to let her children work in the mines as she believes it will dehumanise them, as it did her husband.The use of nature imagery, pathetic fallacy and the accentuated description of nature throughout the novel highlight Lawrence’s own sentiment toward nature. This theme is one characteristic of the era and is only able be addressed because of Lawrence’s choice in setting. The narration and structure are other techniques use to influence time. Sons and Lovers a semi-autobiographical, psychological novel that addre sses the relationship between a mother and her son and the psychological consequences of this relationship.Lawrence purposefully arranges his novel in chronological order so as to trace the development of the characters throughout the years. This technique allows a change in protagonist, from Mrs. Morel to her son Paul. This change is necessary to highlight the mother-son relationship and its growth and development throughout the years as well as their relationships with other characters. When we are first introduced to Mrs. Morel, she had been married for eight years. Lawrence uses flashback to briefly explore her relationship with her father as well as illustrate her first meeting and eventual marriage to Morel.Here he establishes the theme of parent-child relationships and their effect on romantic love in the novel and provides necessary information the reader needs to understand Mrs. Morel’s behaviour. The use of a chronological sequence also functions to increase the rea der interest as it keeps them curious to the outcome of events and the resolution of conflicts between the characters. Although the book is chronologically sequenced, the events are not evenly spaced. Lawrence carefully chooses events that are of importance to the development of his characters rather than simply narrate their day to day activities.This allows the reader to observe the changes in relationships in a concise manner, such as the deterioration of the Morels’ relationship and the events that led to it. We are able to see how Morel cutting William’s hair and locking Mrs. Morel out affected their relationship and caused her to depend on her children’s affection rather than her husband’s. The transfer of affection from William to Paul after William’s death is also made evident. Paul’s growth and development into adolescence and the increased possessiveness his mother as a result of his relationship of Miriam is also a key occurrence. This manipulation of time serves to keep the audience interested rather than overwhelm them with monotonous details as well as highlights only key events in the life of the Morels so as to ensure readers are made aware of the themes that Lawrence wishes to highlight, especially those dealing love and relationships. Lawrence’s deliberate manipulation of time serves to effectively depict the themes he wished to address, such as industrialisation, family and romantic relationship through the use of setting, sequencing and structure in a timeless way that still continues to engage audiences.

Autism Spectrum Disorders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1470 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Autism Essay Did you like this example? The autism spectrum disorders are a family of disorders that affects an individual’s brain and ways of thinking and acting (Kail Cavanaugh, 2016). Autism is the most serious and common of the disorders. This usually affects those diagnosed with the disorder in ways like, language skills that develop later in life and speech that mimics that of what is spoken to him/her (Kail Cavanaugh, 2016). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Autism Spectrum Disorders" essay for you Create order Public awareness of autism spectrum disorder is increasing as people become more aware of the mental disability. The over referral of children to ASD led many healthcare professionals to begin screening patients who were actually thought to have autism (Monteiro, 2015). In the study that was conducted, only 214 of the 348 were found to actually be diagnosed as autistic (Monteiro, 2105). In 2006, the American Academy of Pediatrics set new standards to diagnosing people as autistic (Monteiro, 2015). These changes include things such as surveillance of the child to determine any risk factors, screening at 9, 18, 24, and 30 months. At ages 24 and 30 months and additional screening was added to detect certain aspects of autism (Monteiro, 2015). For many years autism was thought to be a totally psychological disorder (Autism Treatment Trust, 2013), but now, many healthcare professionals have found that autistic patients have many underlying issues that coincide with autism (Celia, 2016). According to the article, â€Å"autistic patients are some of the most difficult patients that a healthcare professional can care for (Celia, 2016). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016), predicts that 1 in every 68 children are affected by autism and that 1 of every 48 children are male (Celia, 2016). In recent times, medical professionals have found many conditions that are concurrent with the autism disorder. Sleep disorders have been found to affect nearly 80% of people diagnosed with autism (Bauman, 2010; Malow et al, 2012). The cause for the sleep disorders affecting autistic patients is unknown, but many professionals believe that it could be due to the hormone melatonin and the lack of the production due to the disor der (Celia, 2016). Immunologic issues have also been found to affect those diagnosed as autistic. Many autistic patients have been recorded as having food and environmental allergies (Autism Treatment Trust, 2013), which leads many healthcare professionals to believe that autistic patients have an underlying immune system dysfunction (Celia, 2016). According to studies lead by the Autism Treatment Trust (2013), patients that are diagnosed as autistic more than often suffer from gastrointestinal disorders. This could be in part to allergies that the individual have to certain foods and others believe that it is due to the individual eating things that cause irritation and pain to the abdomen (Autism Treatment Trust, 2013). Lastly, autistic patients have been found to have neurological issues. In autistic patients, nearly 30% are reported to have seizures and 60% of patients are reported to have abnormal electroencephalograms (Bauman, 2010). People who are diagnosed as being autistic usually do not show much interest in other people; however, when they do the interactions are often awkward. This is due to the ASD not allowing the person to understand society’s rules and expectations of â€Å"normal† social interaction (Kail Cavanaugh, 2016). In the examination of James, he experiences certain symptoms that suggest he suffers from autistic-spectrum disorder. Some of the symptoms of this disorder are the same in which Jason is experiencing. According to Siegel Ficcaglia (2006), the central attribute of autism is for an individual to have a lack of responsiveness. This means that the individual experiences lack of interest in others, extreme aloofness, have an inability to share attention with others, and have low empathy (Comer, 2008). This means that the patient wouldn’t show attention to others and young children wouldn’t reach for their parents to pick them up. The child may even turn his b ack to others or even appear to not care about others they are around. James exhibits aloofness and shows signs of not caring to be around others, because he dislikes being read to. Autism also causes problems with communication and language. According to Dawson Castelloe (1992) suggests that more than half of the people diagnosed with autism suffer from language and communication problems. A common communication problem is echolalia. Echolalia is the repeating of words with the same inflection, with no understanding of what is being said (Comer, 2008). Another common speech problem is pronominal reversal, which is using the words â€Å"you† and â€Å"I† in place of each other. James speaks in what seems to others as unintelligent language, but has no control due to the disorder. Like, â€Å"Do you need to use the bathroom?† Among the common issues, patients may also find it difficult to name objects, use proper tone when talking, understanding speech, and using speech for conversation (Comer, 2008). James often screams loudly because he can’t express himself verbally. When James becomes upset about his favorite tv show going off he begins to hit him. Autistic patients often suffer from motor movement issues. Self stimulatory acts include actions like jumping, twisting hair or hands, but when the patients turns to hurting themselves it is referred to as self-injurious behaviors (Comer, 2008). James hits himself when he becomes upset because he doesn’t find stimulation when his tv show is not on. When the tv show comes back on, James however calms down and stops the actions to resume watching his show. This is because he becomes stimulated by watching the show. Patients diagnosed with autism exhibit certain symptoms. Autistic patients have a social impairment marked by behaviors like eye-to-eye gazing, and gestures to regulate social interactions. They also have language impairments similar to those of James, like lack or delay of spoken language. Another symptom that James shares in common with autistic patients is stereotyped patterns of behavior and interest. He has a pattern of watching the same tv show and becomes upset when it goes off. James is in the routine of watching his show. Children of the same age range as James would have further developed speech in which they could use to express themselves. They would also be interested in playing with other children, sharing with others, and getting attention from their parents as well. There are many treatment options available to help autistic patients adapt better to their environment. Treatments include parent training, behavioral therapy, community integration, and communication training (Comer, 2008). Vitamins and psychotropic drugs combined with therapy have been shown to help (Osterling et al., 2001; Volkmar , 2001). Behavioral therapy consists of remodeling behaviors with rewarding desired behaviors and exhibiting acceptable behaviors for imitation by the patient (Lovass, 2003; Erba, 2000). Communication training consists of teaching effective ways of communication like sign language or simultaneous communication. Simultaneous communications is a combination of sign language and speech (Comer, 2008). Another language intervention that has been used in studies to assist those with language difficulties because of autism is Direct Instruction (DI) (Flores, 2016). Language for learning is a type of DI which has been to show improvement in both receptive and ex pressive language (Flores, 2016). Parent training consists of teaching parents how they can apply behavioral training techniques at home (Schreibman Koegel, 2005; Erba, 2000). I recommend behavior therapy and communication training for James. This will teach him acceptable behavior and ways in which to communicate with his parents. The parents should also have communication training so that they also have the knowledge to communicate with James as well as parent training so they know how to do behavior training while at home. Autism can be caused by many variables. A lack of theory of mind, awareness that people base behavior on their own beliefs and not on information they have no way of knowing, it thought to be a factor leading to autism (Hale Tager-Flusberg, 2005; Frith 2000). Children, by age 3 to 5, can perceive the views of others and predict what people will do (Comer, 2008). Biological factors also influence the chances for autism development. It was discovered that genetic factors in families have a higher chance of developing autism (Piven et al., 1997). Brain development, the cerebellum, has also lead researchers to discover that autistic patients have underdeveloped cerebellums (DeLong, 2005; Pierce Courchesne, 2002, 2001). With treatment and support from family children living with autism can lead very normal lives. They can also learn to cope and control their behaviors. References Celia, T. Freysteinson, W.W, Frye, R. E. (2016). Concurrent Medical Conditions in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Pediatric Nursing,42 (5), 230-234. Comer, R. (2008). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology. (5th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishing. Flores, M.Schweck, K., Hinton, V. (2016). Teaching Language Skills to Preschool Students with Developmental Delays and Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Language For Learning. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 35 (1) 3. Monteiro, S. A., Spinks-Franklin, A., Treadwell-Deering, D., Berry, L., Sellers-Vinson, S., Smith, E., Voigt, R. G. (2015). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Referred for Diagnostic Autism Evaluation. Clinical Pediatrics, 54(14), 1322-1327. doi:10.1177/0009922815592607 Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Refrred for Diagnostic Autism Education. 2005. Clinical Pediatrics. Vol. 54. Sage Publishing. Monteiro, S., Spinks-Franklin, A., Treadwell-Deering, D., Berry, L., Sellers-Vinson, S., Smith, E., Proud, M.,Voigt, R.

Joseph Frankl s Man s Search For Meaning - 1348 Words

As I read our reading assignment in our textbook The Philosopher’s Way by John Chaffee I came upon the section in Chapter One that spoke of Viktor Frankl and his horrific imprisonment in the ghastly concentration camp. Frankl said â€Å"Man’s search for meaning is the primary motivation in his life. This meaning is unique and specific in that it must and can be fulfilled by him alone; only then does it achieve a significance which will satisfy his own will to meaning.† In that phrase I was curious to find out more about this man and how he put his theory to the ultimate test in the worst of human conditions imaginable to modern man. In nine days Frankl wrote Man’s Search for Meaning which has over 12 million copies in print. A 1991 Library†¦show more content†¦A person must find their meaning of life to engage their own individual human spirit. Frankl had to test his theory when he was granted a visa to leave Austria and avoid imprisonment during World War II. However, knowing that his aging parents would most likely be imprisoned he felt that he could not in good conscious leave them to Nazi rule and torture. The meaning for him was what his life would stand for if he were to desert his parents for his own safety. Upon entrance into Auschwitz his life’s work was confiscated and he wondered what his purpose would be without having the manuscript that outline his theory of Logotherapy. During his time in the concentration camps he was able to motivate his fellow prisoners while keeping his purpose of life in focus by having silent conversations with his pregnant wife he knew that their love was true in more than just a physical state but also that of a spiritual love that could not be denied no matter what the circumstances. Frankl and friends would imagine what they would order at the cafà © after their liberat ion from the camps. If a man lost the will to live and could not find the thoughts of the good things that awaited them after liberation they were doomed by their own thoughts as much as the brutality handed out by the capos and Nazi soldiers. Logotherapy has three basic principles as outlined by Frankl in the book. The first basic principle was that life has meaning under all